A wet pan mill, also known as a gold wet pan mill or wet grinding pan, is a specialized piece of mining equipment designed for grinding and processing ores—particularly gold-bearing ores—using water as a medium. Its primary function is to reduce ore particles to a fine slurry, facilitating the liberation of gold particles from gangue and enabling subsequent recovery processes such as amalgamation or gravity separation. With a history dating back centuries, wet pan mills remain a staple in small to medium-scale gold mining operations due to their simplicity, efficiency, and ability to handle various ore types.
A wet pan mill consists of several key components that work together to achieve effective grinding, including grinding pans, grinding rollers, drive system, water inlet and so on. Wet ore (or dry ore with water) forms a 30–50% moisture slurry in the pan. Rotating rollers crush and grind particles via pressure and friction, reducing them to 0.074–0.5mm—small enough to free gold. Scrapers ensure uniform grinding, while water lubricates and carries the slurry out. Mercury may be added for gold amalgamation during grinding.
● Wet pan mills are indispensable in gold ore processing, serving as a critical step in liberating gold particles from the surrounding gangue. Their ability to grind ore into a fine slurry (with particle sizes ranging from 0.074 mm to 0.5 mm) is key to exposing gold particles, which are often embedded within the ore matrix. This fine grinding is especially effective for free-milling gold ores—ores where gold exists in its native form and can be easily separated—and oxidized ores, which are typically softer and more amenable to grinding.
● In gold recovery workflows, wet pan mills are often integrated with subsequent separation processes. For example, after grinding, the slurry may be directed to amalgamation systems, where mercury is added to bind with liberated gold particles, forming amalgam for later extraction. They also pair well with gravity separation techniques such as sluice boxes, shaking tables, or spiral concentrators, as the fine slurry allows gold—with its high density—to be efficiently separated from lighter gangue materials. This integration streamlines the gold recovery process, making wet pan mills a cornerstone of small to medium-scale gold mining operations.
Beyond gold, wet pan mills are versatile enough to handle various other minerals, contributing to their processing chains:
● Silver, tin, and tungsten ores: These minerals often require fine grinding to liberate their valuable components from host rocks. Wet pan mills reduce their particle size, enabling effective separation using methods like flotation or gravity concentration. For instance, tin ores, which are often found in alluvial deposits or lode formations, benefit from the mills’ ability to produce uniform slurries, ensuring consistent recovery rates.
● Construction materials: In some cases, wet pan mills are used to grind clay or limestone. Grinding clay refines its texture, making it suitable for ceramics, brick-making, or as a soil additive. Limestone, when ground into a fine powder, is used in cement production, agriculture (as a soil conditioner), or as a filler in various industrial products. The mills’ ability to handle both wet and dry feed materials (with water added to dry ores) makes them adaptable to these non-mining applications.
● Quartz vein gold ores
● Alluvial gold concentrates
● Sulfide-associated gold ores (with limited sulfide content)of grinding ores to 74-150μm for subsequent cyanidation
● Silver-gold mixed ores: Often processed alongside gold operations
● Argentite (Ag₂S) ores: Requires fine grinding for flotation or leaching
● Small-scale silver mines: Alternative to expensive ball mill circuits
● Clay and Kaolin: Fine grinding for ceramic and paper industries
● Feldspar: Preparation for ceramic and glass industries to produces 325-1250 mesh (5-45μm) products
● Talc and Graphite: Ultra-fine grinding in small-scale operations
*The output will vary according to different materials, feed particle size and other factors
Model | Cylinder Rotating Speed (r/min) |
Ball weight (t) |
Feeding Size (mm) |
Discharging Size (mm) |
Capacity (t/h) |
Power (kw) |
Total Weight(t) |
Ф900×1800 | 36-38 | 1.5 | ≤20 | 0.075-0.89 | 0.65-2 | 18.5 | 5.85 |
Ф900×3000 | 36 | 2.7 | ≤20 | 0.075-0.89 | 1.1-3.5 | 22 | 6.98 |
Ф1200×2400 | 36 | 3 | ≤25 | 0.075-0.6 | 1.5-4.8 | 30 | 13.6 |
Ф1200×3000 | 36 | 3.5 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 1.6-5 | 37 | 14.3 |
Ф1200×4500 | 32.4 | 5 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 1.6-5.8 | 55 | 15.6 |
Ф1500×3000 | 29.7 | 7.5 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 2-5 | 75 | 19.5 |
Ф1500×4500 | 27 | 11 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 3-6 | 110 | 22 |
Ф1500×5700 | 28 | 12 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 3.5-6 | 130 | 25.8 |
Ф1830×3000 | 25.4 | 11 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 4-10 | 130 | 34.5 |
Ф1830×4500 | 25.4 | 15 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 4.5-12 | 155 | 38 |
Ф1830×6400 | 24.1 | 21 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 6.5-15 | 210 | 43 |
Ф1830×7000 | 24.1 | 23 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 7.5-17 | 245 | 43.8 |
Ф2100×3000 | 23.7 | 15 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 6.5-36 | 155 | 45 |
Ф2100×4500 | 23.7 | 24 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 8-43 | 245 | 56 |
Ф2100×7000 | 23.7 | 26 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 12-48 | 280 | 59.5 |
Ф2200×4500 | 21.5 | 27 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 9-45 | 280 | 54.5 |
Ф2200×6500 | 21.7 | 35 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 14-26 | 380 | 61 |
Ф2200×7000 | 21.7 | 35 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 15-28 | 380 | 62.5 |
Ф2200×7500 | 21.7 | 35 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 15-30 | 380 | 64.8 |
Ф2400×3000 | 21 | 23 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 7-50 | 245 | 58 |
Ф2400×4500 | 21 | 30 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 8.5-60 | 320 | 72 |
Ф2700×4000 | 20.7 | 40 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 22-80 | 380 | 95 |
Ф2700×4500 | 20.7 | 48 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 26-90 | 480 | 102 |
Ф3200×4500 | 18 | 65 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 95-110 | 630 | 149 |
Ф3600×4500 | 17 | 90 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 115-170 | 850 | 169 |
Ф3600x6000 | 17 | 110 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 120-200 | 1250 | 198 |
Ф3600x8500 | 18 | 131 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 45.8-256 | 1800 | 260 |
Ф4000x5000 | 16.9 | 121 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 45-208 | 1500 | 230 |
Ф4000x6000 | 16.9 | 146 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 65-248 | 1600 | 242 |
Ф4000×6700 | 16.9 | 149 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 75-252 | 1800 | 249 |
Ф4500×6400 | 15.6 | 172 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 84-306 | 2000 | 280 |
Ф5030×6400 | 14.4 | 216 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 98-386 | 2500 | 320 |
Ф5030×8300 | 14.4 | 266 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 118-500 | 3300 | 403 |
Ф5500×8500 | 13.8 | 338 | ≤25 | 0.074-0.4 | 148-615 | 4500 | 525 |
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