Flotation Cell Machine

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• Rougher Flotation Process

  Rougher flotation is the initial stage in the flotation circuit, designed to maximize the recovery of valuable minerals from the raw ore slurry. At this stage, the primary goal is to capture as much of the target mineral as possible, even if the resulting concentrate contains a significant amount of gangue or impurities.

  ● In base metal mining (e.g., copper, lead, zinc), it separates sulfide minerals from silicate gangue in the first pass.​
  ● In coal processing, it removes ash-forming minerals and pyrite from raw coal slurry, producing a primary coal concentrate.​
  ● In gold mining, it recovers gold particles, often in association with sulfide minerals, from the ore matrix.

• Cleaner Flotation Process

  Cleaner flotation follows the rougher stage and focuses on improving the grade of the concentrate by removing entrained gangue and unwanted minerals. This stage prioritizes purity over maximum recovery, refining the rougher concentrate to meet market or downstream processing requirements. 

  ● In copper processing, it upgrades rougher concentrates to meet smelter specifications, reducing the sulfur and gangue content.​
  ● In molybdenum mining, multiple cleaner stages are used to produce high-grade molybdenum concentrates (often >90% MoS₂) by removing copper and iron sulfides.​
  ● In phosphate processing, it purifies phosphate concentrates by removing silica and other impurities, ensuring suitability for fertilizer production.